E hoʻohui ka papahana i nā hale hana akamai, ka hana akamai, a me ka logistics akamai e lilo i hale hana ʻoihana 4.0 i hoʻokele ʻia e ka ʻikepili, i kāohi naʻauao ʻia. Loaʻa i nā huahana ma mua o 200 mau ʻano o ʻekolu mau moʻo, me ke kaula wili paʻa, ke kaula wili flux-cored a me ke koʻokoʻo wili. Ma ke kumu o nā noi maʻamau, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā huahana i nā mea wili kūikawā e like me ke kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ke kila pale wela, ke kila kila ʻole a me nā metala ʻole ferrous. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā huahana i nā ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe e like me ka ʻoihana kūkulu kila, ka ʻoihana kūkulu moku, nā moku kaomi, nā paipu aila, ka halihali kaʻaahi, ka ʻenekinia moana, ka mana nukelea, a pēlā aku. E kūkulu ka papahana i kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua aupuni, e nānā pono i ka papa mua, e kuhikuhi ana i nā mākeke kūloko a me ka honua, a kūkulu i kahi kahua hana mea wili kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe e lawelawe ana i ka ʻoihana.