Kupu Whakataki
I te wā e hanga ana i ngā taputapu matū me te hinu, hei penapena i te nikara utu nui, ka honoa te maitai ki te nikara me ngā koranu.
Ngā raruraru matua o te whakarewa
I te wā e whakarewahia ana, ko ngā wāhanga matua o te whakarewa ko te rino me te nikara, ā, he mutunga kore te wairewa o ēnei mea, ā, kāore e hanga i ngā matū whakarewa. I te nuinga o te wā, he nui te nui o te nikara i roto i te whakarewa, nō reira, i roto i te rohe hanumi o te hononga whakarewa, kāore he paparanga horapa e hangaia. Ko te raru matua o te whakarewa ko te āhua o te puta o te porosity me ngā kapiti wera i roto i te whakarewa.
1. Te Pūngao
Ko te rino me te nikara me ōna koranu i te wā e whakarewahia ana, ko ngā mea matua e pā ana ki te hanganga o te porosity i roto i te whakarewa ko te hāora, te nikara me ētahi atu huānga whakarewa.
① Te pānga o te hāora. I te whakarewanga, ka taea e te konganuku wai te whakarewa i te hāora nui ake, ā, i ngā pāmahana teitei me te waikura nikara, ka hangaia te NiO, ka taea e te NiO te tauhohe ki te hauwai me te waro i roto i te konganuku wai hei whakaputa i te mamaoa wai me te hauota waro i roto i te puna rewa, pērā i te tomuri ki te mawhiti, ka waiho te toenga i roto i te whakarewanga ki te hanganga o te porosity. I roto i te whakarewanga nikara parakore me te Q235-A o te whakarewanga rino me te nikara, i roto i te take o te ihirangi hauota me te hauwai kāore e tino rerekē, ko te teitei ake o te ihirangi hāora i roto i te whakarewanga, ko te teitei ake o te maha o ngā pore i roto i te whakarewanga.
2 Te pānga o te nikara. I roto i te whakarewa rino-nikara, he rerekē te wairewatanga o te hāora i roto i te rino me te nikara, he nui ake te wairewatanga o te hāora i roto i te nikara wai i tērā i roto i te rino wai, engari he iti ake te wairewatanga o te hāora i roto i te nikara totoka i tērā i roto i te rino totoka, nō reira, he nui ake te wairewatanga o te hāora i roto i te tioata nikara i te huringa ohorere i tērā i roto i te tioata rino i te huringa ohorere. Nō reira, he iti te ia o te porosity i roto i te whakarewa ina 15%~30% te Ni, ā, ina nui te ihirangi Ni, ka piki ake te ia o te porosity ki te 60%~90%, ā, ka heke te nui o te maitai rewa, ka nui ake te ia o te porosity hanga.
③ Te awe o ētahi atu huānga whakarewa. Mēnā kei roto i te whakarewa rino-nikara te manganese, te chromium, te molybdenum, te konumohe, te titanium me ētahi atu huānga whakarewa, ka taea te whakapai ake i te ātete-porosity o te whakarewa. Nā te manganese, te titanium me te konumohe, me ētahi atu, he mahi tango-hāora tēnei, ā, ka whakapai ake te chromium me te molybdenum i te wairewa whakarewa i roto i te konganuku totoka. Nō reira, he ātete-porosity te whakarewa nikara me te 1Cr18Ni9Ti i te whakarewa maitai kore waikura i te whakarewa maitai nikara me te Q235-A. Ka taea hoki e te konumohe me te titanium te whakapūmau i te hauota i roto i ngā matū pumau, ka taea hoki te whakapai ake i te ātete-porosity o te whakarewa.
2. Pakaru wera
Ko te take matua mō te pakaru wera o te maitai me te nikara me ōna koranu i roto i te whakarewa ko te mea, nā te whakarewa nikara teitei me te whakaritenga dendritic, i te taha o ngā kōhao matotoru, ka kukū ki roto i te maha o ngā tioata rewa iti, ka ngoikore te hononga i waenga i ngā kōhao, ka whakaiti i te ātete pakaru o te konganuku whakarewa. Hei tāpiri, he nui rawa te ihirangi nikara o te konganuku whakarewa kia kore ai e taea e te konganuku whakarewa te whakaputa pakaru wera, he pānga nui ki te whakarewa rino-nikara, he pānga nui hoki ki te ia o te pakaru wera o te konganuku whakarewa, arā, te hāora, te whanariki, te whākōkī me ētahi atu poke.
I te whakamahinga o te rere kore-hāora, nā te hekenga o te kounga o te hāora, te whanariki, te whākōkī me ētahi atu poke kino i roto i te whakarewa, inā koa te hekenga o te ihirangi hāora, ā, ka tino heke te nui o te pakaru. Nā te mea ka rewa te puna tioata, ka taea e te hāora me te nikara te hanga Ni + NiO eutectic, ka eke te pāmahana eutectic ki te 1438 ℃, ā, ka taea hoki e te hāora te whakapakari i ngā pānga kino o te whanariki. Nō reira, ina teitei te ihirangi hāora i roto i te whakarewa, ka nui ake te ia o te pakaru wera.
Ka taea e te Mn, Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb me ētahi atu huānga whakarewa te whakapai ake i te ātete ki te pakaru o te konganuku whakarewa. He matū hurihanga te Mn, Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb, ka taea te whakapai ake i te whakaritenga whakarewa, ā, ka taea te whakararuraru i te ahunga o tōna whakatiotanga. He matū tango waikura kaha hoki te Al, Ti, ka taea te whakaiti i te nui o te hāora i roto i te whakarewa. Ka taea e te Mn te hanga i ngā matū ātete ki te S, MnS, ka whakaiti i ngā pānga kino o te whanariki.
Ngā āhuatanga hangarau o ngā hononga whakarewa
Ko ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o ngā hononga whakarewa rino-nikara e pā ana ki ngā rauemi whakarewa whakakī me ngā tawhā whakarewa. Ina whakarewahia te nikara parakore me te maitai waro iti, ina iti iho i te 30% te ōrite Ni i roto i te whakarewa, i raro i te whakamatao tere o te whakarewa, ka puta he hanganga martensite i roto i te whakarewa, ka heke tere te kirihou me te pakari o te hononga. Nō reira, kia pai ake ai te kirihou me te pakari o te hononga, me nui ake i te 30% te ōrite Ni i roto i te whakarewa rino-nikara.
Wā tuku: Maehe-10-2025