Gusudira ibyuma na nikeli na nikeli, Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Intangiriro

Mu gihe cyo gukora ibikoresho bya shimi na peteroli, kugira ngo hamenyekane nikeli ihenze, ibyuma bikunze gusukurwa na nikeli n'ibindi bikoresho.

Ibibazo by'ingenzi byo gusudira

Mu gusudira, ibice by'ingenzi biri muri sude ni icyuma na nikeli, bishobora gushonga mu buryo butagira iherezo kandi ntibikora intermetallic compounds. Muri rusange, nikeli iri muri sude iba iri hejuru, bityo mu gace k'ihuriro ry'inyunganiramirire, nta ruhushya ruboneka. Ikibazo nyamukuru cyo gusudira ni ukubera ko habaho porosity n'imyanya ishyushye muri sude.

1. Imisokoro

Icyuma na nikeli hamwe n'ibyuma byacyo mu gihe cyo gusudira, ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku ikorwa ry'umuyoboro mu gusudira ni ogisijeni, nikeli n'ibindi bintu bivangavanze.

① Ingaruka za ogisijeni. Gusudira, icyuma gishongesha ogisijeni nyinshi, na ogisijeni ku bushyuhe bwinshi hamwe na ogisijeni ya nikeli, ikorwa rya NiO2, NiO2 rishobora gukorana na hydrogen na karuboni mu cyuma gishongesha kugira ngo rikore umwuka w'amazi na monoxide ya karuboni mu gushonga kw'ikidendezi, nko gutinda gusohoka, gusigara mu gusudira iyo habayeho porosity. Mu gusudira nikeli na Q235-A munsi y'amazi y'icyuma na nikeli, iyo hari azote na hydrogen nta gihinduka cyane, uko oxygen iba nyinshi mu gusudira, niko umubare w'imyenge mu gusudira uba mwinshi.

② Ingaruka za nikeli. Mu gushonga kwa icyuma na nikeli, ubushobozi bwo gushonga bwa ogisijeni mu cyuma na nikeli buratandukanye, ubushobozi bwo gushonga bwa ogisijeni muri nikeli y'amazi buruta ubwo mu cyuma cy'amazi, mu gihe ubushobozi bwo gushonga bwa ogisijeni muri nikeli y'amazi buruta ubwo mu cyuma cy'amazi, mu gihe ubushobozi bwo gushonga bwa ogisijeni muri nikeli y'amazi buruta ubwo mu cyuma cy'amazi, bityo, ubushobozi bwo gushonga bwa ogisijeni mu gushonga kwa nikeli y'amazi mu mpinduka itunguranye bugaragara cyane kuruta ubwo gushonga kwa icyuma mu mpinduka itunguranye. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo gushonga mu gushonga iyo Ni ari 15% ~ 30% ni nto, kandi iyo ingano ya Ni ari nini, ubushobozi bwo gushonga burushaho kwiyongera kugeza kuri 60% ~ 90%, kandi ingano y'icyuma cyashongeshejwe izagabanuka, bityo bigatuma uburyo bwo gukora porosity burushaho kuba bwinshi.

③ Ingaruka z'ibindi bintu bivangavanze. Iyo ubushuhe bw'icyuma-nikeli burimo manganese, chromium, molybdenum, aluminium, titaniyumu n'ibindi bintu bivangavanze cyangwa bihuye n'ubushuhe, bushobora kongera uburyo bwo kurwanya ubushuhe, ibi biterwa n'uko manganese, titaniyumu na aluminium, nibindi bifite uruhare rwo kudahumeka kwa ogisijeni, mu gihe chromium na molybdenum byongerera ubushobozi bwo gushonga mu cyuma gikomeye. Bityo, ubushuhe bw'icyuma kitagira umugese bwa nikeli na 1Cr18Ni9Ti birwanya ubushuhe kurusha ubushuhe bw'icyuma bwa nikeli na Q235-A. Aluminium na titaniyumu bishobora kandi gushyira azote mu bintu bihamye, bishobora no kunoza uburyo ubushuhe burwanya ubushuhe.

2. Gucika kw'ubushyuhe

Icyuma na nikeli hamwe n'ibindi bikoresho byacyo mu cyuma, impamvu nyamukuru ituma ubushyuhe bucika ni uko, bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bwa nikeli hamwe n'imiterere ya dendritic, mu nkengero z'ibinyampeke bikomeye, byiganjemo uduce duto duto tw'ubushyuhe, bityo bigatera intege nke isano iri hagati y'ibinyampeke, bigagabanya ubudahangarwa bw'icyuma cyo mu cyuma cyo mu cyuma. Byongeye kandi, ingano ya nikeli iri mu cyuma cyo mu cyuma cyo mu cyuma cyo mu cyuma ni nini cyane ku buryo icyuma cyo mu cyuma cyo mu cyuma kidashobora gucikamo ubushyuhe, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bushyuhe bwa icyuma-nikeli, ogisijeni, sulfur, fosifore n'indi myanda ku bushyuhe bwa bisi, nabyo bigira ingaruka zikomeye.

Iyo ukoresheje umwuka udafite ogisijeni, biterwa no kugabanuka k'ubwiza bwa ogisijeni, sulfure, fosifore n'indi myanda yangiza mu cyuma, cyane cyane kugabanuka k'umuvuduko wa ogisijeni, bityo ingano y'icikagurika igabanuka cyane. Kubera ko kristali yashongeshejwe, ogisijeni na nikeli bishobora gukora Ni + NiO eutectic, ubushyuhe bwa eutectic bwa 1438 ℃, kandi ogisijeni ishobora kongera ingaruka mbi za sulfure. Rero iyo ogisijeni iri mu cyuma iri hejuru, ubushake bwo gucikagurika kw'ubushyuhe buba bwinshi.

Mn, Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb n'ibindi bintu bivangavanze, bishobora kunoza ubushobozi bwo kudakora neza kw'icyuma gisukwa. Mn, Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb ni ibintu bihindura imiterere y'icyuma, bishobora kunoza imiterere y'icyuma gisukwa, kandi bishobora kwangiza icyerekezo cy'uburyo gishyirwa mu cyuma. Al, Ti nayo ni ikintu gikomeye gisukura umwuka, gishobora kugabanya ingano ya ogisijeni mu cyuma gisukwa. Mn ishobora gukora ibintu birwanya S, MnS, bigabanya ingaruka mbi za sulfure.

Imiterere ya tekiniki y'ingingo zisutswe

Imiterere y'imibanire y'ibyuma bisudira hamwe na nikeli ifitanye isano n'ibikoresho byuzuye by'icyuma hamwe n'ibipimo byo gusudira. Mu gusudira nikeli nziza n'icyuma gito cya karuboni, iyo ingano ya Ni mu isudira iri munsi ya 30%, mu gihe ubukonje bwihuse bw'isudi, imiterere ya martensite izagaragara muri isudira, bigatuma imiterere n'ubukomere bw'ingingo bigabanuka cyane. Kubwibyo, kugira ngo haboneke imiterere n'ubukomere bwiza bw'iyi ngingo, ingano ya Ni mu isudira hamwe na nikeli igomba kuba irenga 30%.