Kuwedera kwesimbi ne nickel ne nickel alloy, Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Nhanganyaya

Pakugadzira michina yemakemikari nepeturu, kuitira kuchengetedza nickel inodhura, simbi inowanzo sungirirwa ku nickel ne alloys.

Matambudziko makuru ekushongedza

Pakusanganisa, zvinhu zvikuru zviri mu weld isimbi ne nickel, izvo zvinokwanisa kunyungudika kusingapere uye hazviumbi ma intermetallic compounds. Kazhinji, nickel iri mu weld yakakwira, saka munzvimbo yekubatanidza ye weld joint, hapana diffusion layer inoumbwa. Dambudziko guru rekusanganisa itsika yekuburitsa porosity uye kupisa mu weld.

1. Kuoma kwemuviri

Simbi nenickel pamwe chete nesimbi dzayo painosungirirwa, zvinhu zvikuru zvinokanganisa kuumbwa kweporosity musimbi iokisijeni, nickel nezvimwe zvinhu zvinobatanidza.

① Mhedzisiro yeokisijeni. Kukwesha, simbi yemvura inogona kunyungudutsa okisijeni yakawanda, uye okisijeni pakupisa kwakanyanya uye nickel oxidation, kuumbwa kweNiO2, NiO2 kunogona kuita pamwe nehydrogen nekabhoni musimbi yemvura kuti igadzire utsi hwemvura nekabhoni monoxide musimbi yakanyungudutswa, senge kunonoka kubuda, zvinosara muweld pakuumbwa kweporosity. Muweld yesimbi nenickel yakachena neQ235-A, kana nitrogen nehydrogen zvirimo hazvichinje zvakanyanya, kana oxygen iri muweld yakakwira, huwandu hwemapores ari muweld hunowedzera.

② Mhedzisiro ye nickel. Mu weld yesimbi-nickel, kunyungudika kweokisijeni musimbi nenickel kwakasiyana, kunyungudika kweokisijeni mu nickel yemvura kwakakura kupfuura kuri musimbi yemvura, nepo kunyungudika kweokisijeni mu nickel yakasimba kudiki pane kuri musimbi yakasimba, saka, kunyungudika kweokisijeni mu nickel crystallization yekuchinja kwakangoerekana kwaonekwa kupfuura kuri mu crystallization yesimbi yekuchinja kwakangoerekana kwaitika. Nokudaro, maitiro e porosity mu weld kana Ni iri 15% ~ 30% idiki, uye kana huwandu hweNi hwakakura, maitiro e porosity anowedzera kusvika 60% ~ 90%, uye huwandu hwesimbi yakanyungudika huchadzikira, nokudaro zvichikonzera maitiro ekugadzira porosity kukura.

③ Kupesvedzera kwezvimwe zvinhu zvinosanganisa simbi. Kana simbi-nickel weld iine manganese, chromium, molybdenum, aruminiyamu, titanium nezvimwe zvinhu zvinosanganisa simbi kana zvichienderana ne alloying, inogona kuvandudza weld anti-porosity, izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti manganese, titanium nearuminiyamu, nezvimwewo zvine basa re deoxygenation, nepo chromium ne molybdenum zvichivandudza weld solubility mu solid metal. Saka nickel ne 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel weld anti-porosity kupfuura nickel ne Q235-A steel weld. Aruminiyamu ne titanium zvinogonawo kugadzirisa nitrogen mu stable compounds, izvo zvinogonawo kuvandudza weld anti-porosity.

2. Kutsemuka kwekupisa

Simbi nenickel pamwe chete nesimbi dzayo dziri mu weld, chikonzero chikuru chekupwanyika kwekupisa ndechekuti, nekuda kwe weld yakawanda ye nickel ine dendritic organization, iri mumucheto wezviyo zvakakora, zvakaungana muzvikamu zvakati wandei zve co-crystals zvishoma zvekunyunguduka, zvichideredza kubatana pakati pezviyo, zvichideredza kuramba kwe weld metal crack. Pamusoro pezvo, nickel yakawanda ye weld metal yakanyanya kukwira zvekuti weld metal haigone kupwanyika kwekupisa, zvine simba guru mu iron-nickel weld, oxygen, sarufa, phosphorus nezvimwe tsvina pa weld, thermal cracking attitude ine simba guru.

Pakushandisa oxygen-free flux, nekuda kwekudzikira kwemhando yeoxygen, sarufa, phosphorus nezvimwe zvinokuvadza mu weld, kunyanya kudzikira kweoxygen, zvekuti huwandu hwekutsemuka hunodzikira zvakanyanya. Nekuti crystallization yedziva rakanyungudutswa, okisijeni uye nickel zvinogona kuumba Ni + NiO2 eutectic, tembiricha ye eutectic ye1438 ℃, uye okisijeni inogonawo kusimbisa mhedzisiro inokuvadza yesarufa. Saka kana okisijeni iri mu weld yakakwira, katsika kekupisa kanowedzera.

Mn, Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb nezvimwe zvinhu zvinosanganisa simbi zvinogona kuvandudza kusimba kwesimbi inonyungudika. Mn, Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb isimbi inochinja mafambiro esimbi, inogona kunatsa kurongeka kwesimbi inonyungudika, uye inogona kukanganisa mafambiro ayo. Al, Ti isimbi ine simba rekubvisa oxidizing, inogona kuderedza huwandu hweokisijeni musimbi inonyungudika. Mn inogona kugadzira mishonga inodzivisa kusvibiswa neS, MnS, izvo zvinoderedza kukuvadza kwesarufa.

Hunhu hwemakanika hwemajoini akasungirirwa

Hunhu hwemakanika hwemajoini esimbi-nickel welding hunoenderana nezvinhu zvesimbi zvinozadzwa uye maparamita ewelding. Pakusunga nickel yakachena nesimbi yakaderera kabhoni, kana Ni yakaenzana mu weld iri pasi pe30%, pasi pekutonhora nekukurumidza kwe weld, chimiro chemartensite chichaonekwa mu weld, zvichiita kuti plasticity uye kusimba kwejoin kudonhe zvakanyanya. Saka, kuti pave ne plasticity uye kusimba kuri nani kwejoin, Ni yakaenzana mu iron-nickel weld inofanira kunge yakakura kupfuura 30%.