Isingeniso
Lapho kukhiqizwa imishini yamakhemikhali nephethiloli, ukuze kongiwe i-nickel ebizayo, insimbi ivame ukushintshwa ibe yi-nickel kanye ne-alloys.
Izinkinga eziyinhloko zokushisela
Lapho kushiselwa, izingxenye eziyinhloko kushiselwa yinsimbi ne-nickel, ezikwazi ukuncibilika okungenamkhawulo futhi azenzi ama-intermetallic compounds. Ngokuvamile, okuqukethwe yi-nickel kushiselwa kuphakeme kakhulu, ngakho-ke endaweni yokuhlangana kwejoyinti elishisiwe, akukho ungqimba lokusabalalisa olwakhiwayo. Inkinga enkulu ngokushiselwa ukuthambekela kokukhiqiza ama-porosity kanye nemifantu eshisayo kushiselwa.
1. Ukugoba
Insimbi kanye ne-nickel kanye nama-alloy ayo lapho kushiselwa, izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukwakheka kwe-porosity ku-weld yi-oxygen, i-nickel nezinye izinto zokuhlanganisa.
① Umphumela we-oxygen. Ukushisela, insimbi ewuketshezi ingancibilikisa i-oxygen eningi, kanye ne-oxygen emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye ne-nickel oxidation, ukwakheka kwe-NiO2, NiO2 kungasabela ne-hydrogen ne-carbon ensimbini ewuketshezi ukuze kukhiqizwe umusi wamanzi kanye ne-carbon monoxide ekuqineni kwechibi elincibilikisiwe, njengokuphuthuma kakhulu ukubaleka, okusele ku-weld ekwakhekeni kwe-porosity. Ku-nickel emsulwa kanye ne-Q235-A i-arc welding engaphansi komhlaba yensimbi kanye ne-nickel weld, uma kwenzeka okuqukethwe yi-nitrogen ne-hydrogen akushintshi kakhulu, uma okuqukethwe yi-oxygen kuphezulu ku-weld, kulapho inani lama-pores ku-weld liphakama khona.
② Umphumela we-nickel. Ku-iron-nickel weld, ukuncibilika komoya-mpilo ensimbini nase-nickel kuhlukile, ukuncibilika komoya-mpilo e-nickel ewuketshezi kukhulu kunalokho okusensimbini ewuketshezi, kuyilapho ukuncibilika komoya-mpilo e-nickel ewuketshezi kuncane kunalokho okusensimbini ewuketshezi, ngakho-ke, ukuncibilika komoya-mpilo ekukhanyeni kwe-nickel kokushintsha okungazelelwe kugqame kakhulu kunalokho okusekristaleni yensimbi kokushintsha okungazelelwe. Ngakho-ke, ukuthambekela kwe-porosity ku-weld lapho i-Ni ingu-15% ~ 30% kuncane, futhi lapho okuqukethwe yi-Ni kukhulu, ukuthambekela kwe-porosity kuyanda kakhulu kufinyelele ku-60% ~ 90%, futhi inani lensimbi encibilikisiwe lizoncipha, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukuthambekela kokwakha i-porosity kube kukhulu.
③ Ithonya lezinye izinto ezixubayo. Uma i-iron-nickel weld iqukethe i-manganese, i-chromium, i-molybdenum, i-aluminium, i-titanium nezinye izinto ezixubayo noma ngokuhambisana ne-alloying, ingathuthukisa i-weld anti-porosity, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-manganese, i-titanium ne-aluminium, njll. zinendima ye-deoxygenation, kuyilapho i-chromium ne-molybdenum zithuthukisa ukuncibilika kwe-weld ensimbini eqinile. Ngakho-ke i-nickel ne-1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel weld anti-porosity kune-nickel ne-Q235-A steel weld. I-aluminium ne-titanium zingalungisa ne-nitrogen ezinhlanganisela ezizinzile, ezingathuthukisa ne-weld anti-porosity.
2. Ukuqhekeka kokushisa
Insimbi ne-nickel kanye nama-alloy ayo ku-weld, isizathu esiyinhloko sokuqhekeka kokushisa ukuthi, ngenxa ye-nickel weld ephezulu ene-dendritic structure, emaphethelweni ezinhlayiya eziqinile, ezigxile kuma-co-crystals amaningi aphansi okuncibilika, ngaleyo ndlela zenza buthaka ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlayiya, kunciphisa ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwensimbi ye-weld. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuqukethwe yi-nickel kwensimbi ye-weld kuphakeme kakhulu ukuthi insimbi ye-weld ikhiqize ukuqhekeka kokushisa kunomthelela omkhulu ku-iron-nickel weld, i-oxygen, i-sulfur, i-phosphorus kanye nokunye ukungcola ku-weld ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka kokushisa nakho kunomthelela omkhulu.
Uma usebenzisa i-flux engenawo umoya-mpilo, ngenxa yokwehla kwekhwalithi yomoya-mpilo, isibabule, i-phosphorus kanye nokunye ukungcola okuyingozi ku-weld, ikakhulukazi ukwehla kokuqukethwe komoya-mpilo, ukuze inani lokuqhekeka linciphe kakhulu. Ngoba ukwakheka kwekristalu echibini elincibilikisiwe, umoya-mpilo kanye ne-nickel kungakha i-Ni + NiO2 eutectic, izinga lokushisa le-eutectic elingu-1438 ℃, kanye nomoya-mpilo nakho kungaqinisa imiphumela eyingozi yesulfure. Ngakho-ke lapho okuqukethwe komoya-mpilo ku-weld kuphezulu, ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka kokushisa kukhulu.
I-Mn, Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb nezinye izinto ezixubayo, zingathuthukisa ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwensimbi yokushisela. I-Mn, Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb ziyi-ejenti ye-metamorphic, ingacwengisisa inhlangano yokushisela, futhi ingaphazamisa indlela yokwakheka kwayo kwekristalu. I-Al, Ti nayo iyi-ejenti enamandla yokushisela, inganciphisa inani lomoya-mpilo ku-weld. I-Mn ingakha ama-compounds aphikisayo ane-S, MnS, okunciphisa imiphumela eyingozi yesulfure.
Izakhiwo zemishini zamajoyinti ahlanganisiwe
Izakhiwo zomshini zamajoyinti okushisela insimbi ne-nickel zihlobene nezinto zokugcwalisa insimbi kanye nemingcele yokushisela. Lapho kushiselwa insimbi emsulwa ne-carbon carbon ephansi, lapho i-Ni equivalent ku-weld ingaphansi kuka-30%, ngaphansi kokupholisa okusheshayo kwe-weld, kuzovela isakhiwo se-martensite ku-weld, okubangela ukuthi i-plasticity kanye nokuqina kwejoyinti kwehle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kutholakale i-plasticity engcono kanye nokuqina kwejoyinti, i-Ni equivalent ku-iron-nickel weld kufanele ibe ngaphezu kuka-30%.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-10-2025