Intshayelelo
Xa kusenziwa izixhobo zeekhemikhali nezepetroli, ukuze kongiwe i-nickel ebiza kakhulu, intsimbi idla ngokudityaniswa kwi-nickel kunye nee-alloys.
Iingxaki eziphambili zokuwelda
Xa kudityaniswa, izinto eziphambili kwi-weld yintsimbi kunye ne-nickel, ezikwaziyo ukunyibilika okungapheliyo kwaye azenzi iikhompawundi ze-intermetallic. Ngokubanzi, umxholo we-nickel kwi-weld uphezulu, ngoko ke kwindawo yokudibanisa yejoyinti edibeneyo, akukho maleko we-diffusion owenzekayo. Ingxaki ephambili nge-welding kukuthambekela kokuvelisa i-porosity kunye nemingxunya eshushu kwi-weld.
1. Ukuxinana
Intsimbi kunye ne-nickel kunye nee-alloys zayo xa zidityaniswa, izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ukwakheka kwe-porosity kwi-weld yi-oksijini, i-nickel kunye nezinye izinto ze-alloying.
① Isiphumo seoksijini. Ukuwelda, isinyithi esilulwelo sinokunyibilikisa ioksijini engaphezulu, kunye neoksijini kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye ne-nickel oxidation, ukwakheka kweNiO2, NiO2 kunokusabela nehydrogen kunye nekhabhoni kwisinyithi esilulwelo ukuvelisa umphunga wamanzi kunye nekhabhoni monoxide kwi-solidification yedama elinyibilikisiweyo, njengokuphuphuma kade, okuseleyo kwi-weld xa kwakheka i-porosity. Kwi-nickel ecocekileyo kunye ne-Q235-A i-arc welding yesinyithi kunye ne-nickel weld, kwimeko ye-nitrogen kunye nomxholo we-hydrogen ayitshintshi kakhulu, okukhona umxholo weoksijini uphezulu kwi-weld, kokukhona inani lee-pores kwi-weld liphezulu.
② Isiphumo se-nickel. Kwi-iron-nickel weld, ukunyibilika kwe-oksijini kwi-iron nakwi-nickel kwahlukile, ukunyibilika kwe-oksijini kwi-nickel engamanzi kukhulu kunokwe-iron engamanzi, ngelixa ukunyibilika kwe-oksijini kwi-nickel eqinileyo kuncinci kunokwe-iron eqinileyo, ngoko ke, ukunyibilika kwe-oksijini kwi-nickel crystallization yotshintsho olukhawulezileyo kuyabonakala ngakumbi kunokwe-iron crystallization yotshintsho olukhawulezileyo. Ke ngoko, ukuthambekela kwe-porosity kwi-weld xa i-Ni yi-15% ~ 30% incinci, kwaye xa umxholo we-Ni umkhulu, ukuthambekela kwe-porosity kuyanda ngakumbi ukuya kwi-60% ~ 90%, kwaye ubungakanani bentsimbi enyibilikisiweyo bubophelelekile ukwehla, ngaloo ndlela kubangele ukuthambekela kokwenza i-porosity ibe nkulu.
③ Impembelelo yezinye izinto ezidibanisa i-alloying. Xa i-iron-nickel weld iqulethe i-manganese, i-chromium, i-molybdenum, i-aluminium, i-titanium kunye nezinye izinto ezidibanisa i-alloying okanye ngokuhambelana ne-alloying, inokuphucula i-weld anti-porosity, oku kungenxa ye-manganese, i-titanium kunye ne-aluminium, njl.njl. zinendima ye-deoxygenation, ngelixa i-chromium kunye ne-molybdenum ziphucula ukunyibilika kwe-weld kwisinyithi esiqinileyo. Ngoko ke i-nickel kunye ne-1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel weld anti-porosity kune-nickel kunye ne-Q235-A steel weld. I-aluminium kunye ne-titanium zinokulungisa i-nitrogen kwiikhompawundi ezizinzileyo, ezinokuphucula i-weld anti-porosity.
2. Ukuqhekeka kobushushu
Intsimbi kunye ne-nickel kunye nee-alloys zayo kwi-weld, esona sizathu sokuqhekeka kobushushu kukuba, ngenxa ye-nickel weld ephezulu ene-dendritic organization, emaphethelweni eenkozo ezirhabaxa, ezixineneyo kwiikristale ezininzi ze-melting point eziphantsi, ngaloo ndlela zenza buthathaka unxibelelwano phakathi kweenkozo, kunciphisa ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwesinyithi se-weld. Ukongeza, umxholo we-nickel wesinyithi se-weld uphezulu kakhulu ukuba isinyithi se-weld sivelise ukuqhekeka kobushushu, oku kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwi-iron-nickel weld, ioksijini, isalfure, i-phosphorus kunye nokunye ukungcola kwi-weld thermal treatment nayo inempembelelo enkulu.
Xa usebenzisa i-flux engena-oksijini, ngenxa yokwehla komgangatho we-oksijini, i-sulfur, i-phosphorus kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo ezinobungozi kwi-weld, ingakumbi ukwehla komxholo we-oksijini, kangangokuba ubungakanani bokuqhekeka buncitshiswa kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba i-crystallization yedama elinyibilikisiweyo, i-oksijini kunye ne-nickel zinokwenza i-Ni + NiO2 eutectic, ubushushu be-eutectic be-1438 ℃, kwaye i-oksijini nayo inokuqinisa iziphumo eziyingozi ze-sulfur. Ngoko ke xa umxholo we-oksijini kwi-weld uphezulu, ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka kobushushu kukhulu.
I-Mn, i-Cr, i-Mo, i-Ti, i-Nb kunye nezinye izinto ezidibanisa i-alloying, zinokuphucula ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwesinyithi esinophahla. I-Mn, i-Cr, i-Mo, i-Ti, i-Nb zi-arhente ezitshintsha imo, zinokucokisa ulungiselelo lwe-weld, kwaye zinokuphazamisa indlela ekwenziwa ngayo i-crystallization. I-Al, i-Ti ikwayi-arhente enamandla yokuxovula i-oxidize, inokunciphisa ubungakanani beoksijini kwi-weld. I-Mn inokwenza iikhompawundi ezichasene ne-S, i-MnS, nto leyo enciphisa iziphumo eziyingozi zesalfure.
Iimpawu zemishini zamalungu adibeneyo
Iimpawu zoomatshini ze-iron-nickel welding joints zihambelana nezinto zesinyithi ezizaliswayo kunye neeparamitha ze-welding. Xa kudityaniswa i-nickel ecocekileyo kunye ne-low carbon steel, xa i-Ni equivalent kwi-weld ingaphantsi kwe-30%, phantsi kokupholisa ngokukhawuleza kwe-weld, isakhiwo se-martensite siya kuvela kwi-weld, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-plasticity kunye nokuqina kwe-joint ziwe ngokukhawuleza. Ke ngoko, ukuze kufunyanwe i-plasticity engcono kunye nokuqina kwe-joint, i-Ni equivalent kwi-iron-nickel weld kufuneka ibe ngaphezulu kwe-30%
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-10-2025