Chiyambi
Popanga zida zamakemikolo ndi mafuta, kuti asunge nikeli yokwera mtengo, chitsulo nthawi zambiri chimalumikizidwa ku nikeli ndi aloyi.
Mavuto akuluakulu a kuwotcherera
Pothira zitsulo, zigawo zazikulu mu weld ndi chitsulo ndi nickel, zomwe zimatha kusungunuka kosatha ndipo sizipanga zinthu zapakati pa zitsulo. Kawirikawiri, kuchuluka kwa nickel mu weld kumakhala kwakukulu, kotero mu malo osakanikirana a cholumikizira chothira zitsulo, palibe gawo lofalikira lomwe limapangidwa. Vuto lalikulu ndi weld ndi chizolowezi chopanga ma porosity ndi ming'alu yotentha mu weld.
1. Kutupa kwa mphuno
Chitsulo ndi nickel ndi zinthu zake zophatikizika zikawotcherera, zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza mapangidwe a porosity mu weld ndi mpweya, nickel ndi zinthu zina zophatikizika.
① Mphamvu ya mpweya. Kuwotcherera, chitsulo chamadzimadzi chikhoza kusungunula mpweya wochuluka, ndipo mpweya ukatentha kwambiri komanso nickel oxidation, mapangidwe a NiO2, NiO2 amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi haidrojeni ndi kaboni mu chitsulo chamadzimadzi kuti apange nthunzi yamadzi ndi carbon monoxide mu dziwe losungunuka, monga mochedwa kwambiri kuti atuluke, zotsalira mu weld pakupanga porosity. Mu nickel yoyera ndi Q235-A submerged arc welding ya chitsulo ndi nickel weld, pankhani ya nayitrogeni ndi hydrogen zomwe zili mkati sizisintha kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa mpweya mu weld kumawonjezeka, kuchuluka kwa ma pores mu weld kumawonjezeka.
② Zotsatira za nickel. Mu weld yachitsulo-nickel, kusungunuka kwa mpweya mu chitsulo ndi nickel kumasiyana, kusungunuka kwa mpweya mu nickel yamadzimadzi kumaposa kwa chitsulo chamadzimadzi, pomwe kusungunuka kwa mpweya mu nickel yolimba kumakhala kochepa kuposa kwa chitsulo cholimba, motero, kusungunuka kwa mpweya mu crystallization ya nickel ya kusintha kwadzidzidzi kumaonekera kwambiri kuposa kwa crystallization ya chitsulo ya kusintha kwadzidzidzi. Chifukwa chake, chizolowezi cha porosity mu weld pamene Ni ndi 15% ~ 30% chimakhala chochepa, ndipo pamene kuchuluka kwa Ni kuli kwakukulu, chizolowezi cha porosity chimawonjezeka kufika pa 60% ~ 90%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chosungunuka kumachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chizolowezi chopanga porosity chikhale chachikulu.
③ Mphamvu ya zinthu zina zophatikiza. Pamene weld yachitsulo-nickel ili ndi manganese, chromium, molybdenum, aluminiyamu, titaniyamu ndi zinthu zina zophatikiza kapena mogwirizana ndi weld, imatha kusintha anti-porosity ya weld, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha manganese, titaniyamu ndi aluminiyamu, ndi zina zotero. Zimatha kusintha mphamvu ya weld kukhala yosungunuka, pomwe chromium ndi molybdenum zimathandizira kuti weld isungunuke mu chitsulo cholimba. Chifukwa chake, nickel ndi 1Cr18Ni9Ti chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zimatsutsana ndi porosity kuposa nickel ndi Q235-A chitsulo chophatikiza. Aluminiyamu ndi titaniyamu zimathanso kukonza nayitrogeni m'zinthu zokhazikika, zomwe zingathandizenso kuchepetsa anti-porosity ya weld.
2. Kutentha kwa moto
Chitsulo ndi nickel ndi zinthu zake zomwe zili mu weld, chifukwa chachikulu cha kusweka kwa kutentha ndikuti, chifukwa cha kusweka kwakukulu kwa nickel komwe kumakhala ndi dendritic, m'mphepete mwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, komwe kumakhala ndi makristalo angapo otsika osungunuka, motero kufooketsa kulumikizana pakati pa tinthuto, kuchepetsa kukana kwa ming'alu yachitsulo. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa nickel mu weld metal ndi kwakukulu kwambiri kuti weld metal isapange kusweka kwa kutentha, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri iron-nickel weld, mpweya, sulfure, phosphorous ndi zonyansa zina pa weld, chizolowezi cha kutentha cha weld chimakhudzanso kwambiri.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wopanda mpweya, mpweya, sulfure, phosphorous ndi zina zodetsa mu weld zimachepa, makamaka kuchepa kwa mpweya, kotero kuti kuchuluka kwa ming'alu kumachepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chakuti kristalo ya dziwe losungunuka, mpweya ndi nickel zimatha kupanga Ni + NiO2 eutectic, kutentha kwa eutectic kwa 1438 ℃, ndipo mpweya umathanso kulimbitsa zotsatira zoyipa za sulfure. Chifukwa chake, mpweya mu weld ukakhala wokwera, kutentha kwa ming'alu kumakhala kwakukulu.
Mn, Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb ndi zinthu zina zosakaniza, zimatha kulimbitsa kukana kwa ming'alu ya chitsulo chosungunula. Mn, Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb ndi zinthu zosinthika, zimatha kukonza kapangidwe ka chosungunula, ndipo zimatha kusokoneza njira yopangira makristalo. Al, Ti ndi chinthu champhamvu chochotsa oxidizing, chomwe chingachepetse kuchuluka kwa mpweya mu chosungunula. Mn imatha kupanga zinthu zotsutsana ndi S, MnS, zomwe zimachepetsa zotsatira zoyipa za sulfure.
Kapangidwe ka makina a malo olumikizirana olumikizidwa
Kapangidwe ka makina a zolumikizira zolumikizira zitsulo ndi nikeli kamagwirizana ndi zinthu zodzaza zitsulo ndi magawo a zolumikizira. Mukalumikiza nikeli yoyera ndi chitsulo chotsika mpweya, pamene chofanana ndi Ni mu weld chili chochepera 30%, pansi pa kuzizira mwachangu kwa weld, kapangidwe ka martensite kadzawonekera mu weld, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pulasitiki ndi kulimba kwa cholumikiziracho zigwe kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuti pakhale pulasitiki wabwino ndi kulimba kwa cholumikiziracho, chofanana ndi Ni mu weld yachitsulo ndi nikeli chiyenera kukhala choposa 30%.
Nthawi yotumizira: Mar-10-2025