Hordhac
Marka la soo saarayo qalabka kiimikada iyo batroolka, si loo badbaadiyo nikkelka qaaliga ah, birta inta badan waxaa lagu alxanayaa nikkel iyo alloys.
Dhibaatooyinka ugu waaweyn ee alxanka
Marka alxanka, qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee alxanka waa birta iyo nikkel, kuwaas oo awood u leh milmo aan dhammaad lahayn oo labada dhinac ah oo aan samaynin isku-dhafka intermetallic. Guud ahaan, maadada nikkel ee ku jirta alxanka ayaa ah mid aad u sareysa, sidaas darteed aagga fiyuuska ee isku-dhafka alxanka, lakabka faafinta lama sameeyay. Dhibaatada ugu weyn ee alxanka waa u janjeera soo saarida porosity iyo dildilaaca kulul ee alxanka.
1.Porosity
Birta iyo nikkelka iyo alwaaxyadeeda marka alxanka, arrimaha ugu muhiimsan ee saameeya samaynta porosity ee alxanka waa ogsijiin, nikkel iyo walxo kale oo alloying.
① Saamaynta ogsijiinta. Alxanka, biraha dareere ah ayaa milmi kara ogsijiin dheeraad ah, iyo ogsijiin at heerkulka sare iyo oxidation nikkel, formation of NiO, NiO ka falcelin karaa hydrogen iyo carbon ee birta dareere ah si ay u abuuraan uumiga biyaha iyo carbon monoxide ee adag pool la dhalaalay, sida goor dambe si ay u baxsadaan, haraaga alxanka on formation of porosity. Nikkel saafi ah iyo Q235-A alxanka gunta hoose ee birta iyo nikkel alxanka, in the case of nitrogen iyo hydrogen content wax badan ma beddelo, content sare ee Ogsajiinta ee alxanka, sare tirada daloolada ee alxanka.
② Saamaynta nikelka. In alxanka birta-nickel, milanka Ogsajiinta ee birta iyo nikkel waa ka duwan yahay, milanka oksijiin ee dareeraha nikkel waa ka weyn yahay in birta dareere ah, halka milanka ee oxygen ee nikkel adag waa ka yar yahay in birta adag, sidaas darteed, milmaha oxygen ee nikkel crystallization ee isbeddel degdeg ah waa ka sii caddeeyey in ka badan in isbedel crystall degdeg ah. Sidaa darteed, u janjeera of porosity ee alxanka marka Ni waa 15% ~ 30% waa yar yahay, iyo marka content Ni weyn yahay, u janjeera ee porosity ayaa sii kordhay ilaa 60% ~ 90%, iyo qadarka birta milmi waa in la dhimo, taas oo keenta u janjeera samaynta porosity si ay u weynaadaan.
③ Saamaynta walxaha kale ee alloying. Marka alxanka birta-nickel ka kooban yahay manganese, chromium, molybdenum, aluminium, titanium iyo walxaha kale ee alloying ama line la alloying ah, hagaajin kartaa alxanka anti-porosity, taas oo ay sabab u tahay manganese, titanium iyo aluminium, iwm waxay leeyihiin doorka deoxygenation, halka chromium iyo molybdenum si loo hagaajiyo milanka alxanka ee birta adag. Markaa nikkel iyo 1Cr18Ni9Ti bir aan bir lahayn oo alxanka ka hortag ah oo ka badan nikkel iyo alxanka Q235-A. Aluminium iyo titanium ayaa sidoo kale hagaajin kara nitrogen ee xeryahooda deggan, taas oo sidoo kale hagaajin karta alxanka ka hortagga-porosity.
2. Dilaaca kulaylka
Steel iyo nikkel iyo alliy ay in alxanka, sababta ugu weyn ee dildilaaca kulaylka waa in, ay sabab u tahay alxanka sare ee nikkel la ururka dendritic, in cidhifka miraha aan dhab ahayn, xoogga saaray in tiro ka mid ah co-crystals dhibic dhalaalaysa hoose, sidaas wiiqay xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya badarka, yaraynta iska caabin biraha alxanka. Intaa waxaa dheer, maadada nikkel ee birta alxanka ayaa aad u sareysa birta alxanka si ay u soo saarto dildilaaca kulaylka waxay saameyn weyn ku leedahay alxanka birta-nickel, oksijiinta, baaruudda, fosfooraska iyo wasakhda kale ee u janjeera dillaaca kulaylka alxanka ayaa sidoo kale saameyn weyn ku leh.
Markaad isticmaasho qulqulka oksijiinta-free, sababtoo ah hoos u dhigista tayada oksijiinta, baaruudka, fosfooraska iyo wasakhda kale ee waxyeelada leh ee alxanka, gaar ahaan hoos u dhaca nuxurka oksijiinta, si qadarka dildilaaca uu aad u yaraado. Sababtoo ah crystallization barkada dhalaalaysa, ogsijiin iyo nikkel waxay samayn karaan Ni + NiO eutectic, heerkulka eutectic ee 1438 ℃, iyo ogsijiinta sidoo kale waxay xoojin kartaa waxyeelada waxyeelada leh ee baaruudka. Markaa marka oksijiinta ku jirta alxanka ay sarreyso, u janjeera dildilaaca kulaylka ayaa weyn.
Mn, Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb iyo walxo kale alloying, hagaajin kartaa iska caabin ah dildilaaca biraha alxanka.Mn, Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb yihiin wakiilka metamorphic, sifayn karaa ururka alxanka, iyo carqaladayn kara jihada ay crystallization. Al, Ti sidoo kale waa wakiilka deoxidizing xoog leh, hoos u dhigi kartaa qadarka oxygen in alxanka.Mn waxay hoos u dhigi kartaa saamaynta waxyeellada leh ee xeryahooda, taas oo ka mid ah xeryahooda Sfractor. baaruud
Qalabka makaanikada ee kala-goysyada alxanka
Tilmaamaha farsamada ee isgoysyada alxanka birta-nickel waxay la xiriiraan alaabta birta ah ee buuxinta iyo cabbirrada alxanka. Marka alxanka nikkel saafi ah iyo birta kaarboon hooseeya, marka Ni u dhiganta ee alxanka uu ka yar yahay 30%, hoos qaboojinta degdega ah ee alxanka, qaab-dhismeedka martensite ah ayaa ka soo muuqan doona alxanka, taasoo keenta balaastikada iyo adkaanta wadajirka si aad u hoos u dhaco. Sidaa darteed, si loo helo caag ka wanaagsan iyo adkaanta wadajirka, Ni u dhiganta alxanka birta-nickel waa in ka badan 30%
Waqtiga boostada: Mar-10-2025