Kuwotcherera mkuwa
Njira zowotcherera mkuwa (zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa mkuwa woyeretsedwa wa mafakitale) zimaphatikizapo kuwotcherera mpweya, kuwotcherera kaboni woyeretsedwa ndi manja, kuwotcherera chitsulo choyeretsedwa ndi manja ndi kuwotcherera chitsulo choyeretsedwa ndi manja, ndipo nyumba zazikulu zimathanso kuwotcherera zokha.
1. Cholumikizira cha mkuwa chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi cholumikizira cha mkuwa, ndipo cholumikizira cholumikizirana ndi cholumikizira cha T chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono momwe zingathere. Mitundu iwiri ya mawaya olumikizira angagwiritsidwe ntchito polumikiza mpweya. Chimodzi ndi waya wolumikizira wokhala ndi zinthu zochotsa mpweya m'thupi, monga mawaya 201 ndi 202; china ndi waya wamba wamkuwa ndi mzere wodulira wa zinthu zoyambira, ndipo chothandizira mpweya 301 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati flux. Lawi losalowerera liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza mkuwa ndi gasi.
2. Ndodo ya waya ya mkuwa 107 imagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza arc ndi manja, ndipo pakati pake ndi mkuwa (T2, T3). M'mphepete mwa cholumikiziracho muyenera kutsukidwa musanagwiritse ntchito. Ngati makulidwe a cholumikiziracho ndi oposa 4 mm, kutentha kuyenera kutenthedwa bwino musanagwiritse ntchito, ndipo kutentha kotenthetsera nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 400 ~ 500℃. Mukalumikiza ndi ndodo ya mkuwa 107, magetsi ayenera kusinthidwa ndi DC.
3. Ma arc afupiafupi ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera, ndipo ndodo yowotcherera siyenera kugwedezeka mopingasa. Ndodo yowotcherera imapanga kuyenda kolunjika kobwerezabwereza, komwe kungathandize kukonza mapangidwe a weld. Weld yayitali iyenera kuwotcherera pang'onopang'ono. Liwiro la weld liyenera kukhala lachangu momwe zingathere. Pakuwotcherera kwa multilayer, slag pakati pa zigawo ziyenera kuchotsedwa kwathunthu. Weld iyenera kuchitidwa pamalo opumira bwino kuti mupewe poizoni wa mkuwa. Mukawotcherera, gwiritsani ntchito nyundo yathyathyathya kuti mugwire weld kuti muchotse kupsinjika ndikukweza ubwino wa weld.
4. Kuwotcherera mkuwa pogwiritsa ntchito argon arc. Powotcherera mkuwa pogwiritsa ntchito argon arc, mawaya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi waya 201 (waya wapadera wowotcherera mkuwa) ndi waya 202, komanso amagwiritsa ntchito waya wamkuwa, monga T2.
Musanagwiritse ntchito chowotcherera, filimu ya oxide, mafuta ndi dothi lina lomwe lili m'mphepete mwa chowotcherera cha workpiece ndi pamwamba pa waya ziyenera kutsukidwa kuti zipewe zolakwika monga ma pores ndi slag inclusions. Njira zoyeretsera zimaphatikizapo kuyeretsa makina ndi kuyeretsa mankhwala. Ngati makulidwe a mbale yolumikizira matako ndi ochepera 3 mm, bevel sitsegulidwa; pamene makulidwe a mbale ndi 3 mpaka 10 mm, bevel yooneka ngati V imatsegulidwa, ndipo ngodya ya bevel ndi 60 mpaka 70; pamene makulidwe a mbale ndi okulirapo kuposa 10 mm, bevel yooneka ngati X imatsegulidwa, Ngodya ya bevel ndi 60 ~ 70; kuti tipewe kusalukidwa, m'mbali zosaoneka bwino nthawi zambiri zimasiyidwa. Malinga ndi makulidwe a mbale ndi kukula kwa bevel, mpata wosonkhana wa chowotcherera matako umasankhidwa mkati mwa 0.5 mpaka 1.5 mm.
Kuwotcherera kwa argon arc ya mkuwa ndi manja nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kwa DC positive, ndiko kuti, ma electrode a tungsten amalumikizidwa ku ma electrode olakwika. Pofuna kuchotsa mabowo a mpweya ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mizu ya weld ikugwirizana bwino komanso kulowa bwino, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera liwiro la weld, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito argon, ndikutenthetsa weldment. Ngati makulidwe a mbale ali pansi pa 3 mm, kutentha kwa preheat ndi 150 ~ 300 ℃; pamene makulidwe a mbale ali oposa 3 mm, kutentha kwa preheat ndi 350 ~ 500 ℃. Kutentha kwa preheat sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kwambiri, apo ayi mphamvu zamakina za malo olumikizirana olumikizidwa zidzachepa.
Palinso kuwotcherera kwa kaboni wa mkuwa, ndipo ma electrode omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera kaboni akuphatikizapo ma electrode a kaboni ndi ma electrode a graphite. Waya wowotcherera womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera kaboni wa mkuwa ndi wofanana ndi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera gasi. Zipangizo zoyambira zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kudula mizere, ndipo ma fluxes a mkuwa monga gas agent 301 angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kuwotcherera mkuwa
1. Njira zowotcherera mkuwa ndi monga: kuwotcherera gasi, kuwotcherera kaboni, kuwotcherera arc ndi manja ndi kuwotcherera argon. 1. Kuwotcherera mkuwa ndi gasi Chifukwa kutentha kwa lawi la wotcherera gasi kumakhala kochepa, kutentha kwa zinc mu mkuwa panthawi yowotcherera kumakhala kochepa poyerekeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi, kotero kuwotcherera gasi ndiyo njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri powotcherera mkuwa (zikomo chifukwa chosamala ndi Dingding Automatic Welding).
Mawaya olumikizira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza mpweya wa mkuwa ndi awa: waya 221, waya 222 ndi waya 224. Mawaya olumikizira awa ali ndi zinthu monga silicon, tin, iron, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimatha kupewa ndi kuchepetsa kuuluka ndi kutentha kwa zinc mu dziwe losungunuka, ndipo zimathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti weld ikupangidwa. Kuchita bwino komanso kupewa mabowo a mpweya. Ma fluxes omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polumikiza mpweya wa mkuwa ndi ufa wolimba ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya. Kutuluka kwa mpweya kumakhala ndi boric acid methyl fat ndi methanol; ma fluxes ndi monga gas agent 301.
2. Kuwotcherera mkuwa ndi manja Kuwonjezera pa mkuwa 227 ndi mkuwa 237, ndodo zowotcherera zopangidwa kunyumba zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuwotcherera mkuwa.
Polumikiza brass arc, njira yolumikizira ya DC power supply positive iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo ndodo yolumikizira iyenera kulumikizidwa ku electrode yoyipa. Pamwamba pa weldment iyenera kutsukidwa mosamala musanayike. Ngodya ya bevel nthawi zambiri siyenera kukhala yochepera 60 ~ 70o. Kuti pakhale bwino mapangidwe a weld, zigawo zolumikizidwa ziyenera kutenthedwa pa 150 ~ 250℃. Welding yaifupi ya arc iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yogwira ntchito, popanda kugwedezeka mopingasa kapena kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, kuyenda kolunjika kokha, ndipo liwiro la welding liyenera kukhala lalikulu. Zigawo zolumikizidwa ndi mkuwa zomwe zimakumana ndi zinthu zowononga monga madzi a m'nyanja ndi ammonia ziyenera kusungidwa pambuyo pa weld kuti zithetse kupsinjika kwa weld.
3. Kuwotcherera kwa argon arc kwa mkuwa ndi manja. Kuwotcherera kwa argon arc kwa mkuwa ndi manja kungagwiritse ntchito mawaya wamba amkuwa: waya 221, waya 222 ndi waya 224, ndipo zipangizo zomwe zili ndi zigawo zomwezo monga maziko zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati zinthu zodzaza.
Kuwotcherera kumatha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yolunjika kapena AC. Pogwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera kwa AC, kusungunuka kwa zinc kumakhala kopepuka kuposa pamene mphamvu yolunjika yalumikizidwa. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha sikofunikira musanawotchetse, ndipo kutentha kumachitika pokhapokha ngati makulidwe a mbaleyo ndi akulu. Liwiro la kuwotcherera liyenera kukhala lachangu momwe zingathere. Pambuyo powotcherera, zigawo zolumikizidwa ziyenera kutenthedwa pa 300 ~ 400℃ kuti zithetse kupsinjika kwa kuwotcherera kuti zisawonongeke m'zigawo zolumikizidwa panthawi yogwiritsa ntchito.
4. Kuwotcherera kwa arc ya kaboni yamkuwa Mukawotcherera arc ya kaboni yamkuwa, waya 221, waya 222, waya 224 ndi mawaya ena owotcherera amasankhidwa malinga ndi kapangidwe ka zinthu zoyambira. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito mawaya owotcherera a mkuwa opangidwa kunyumba kuti muwotchere. Wothandizira mpweya 301 kapena zina zotero zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira yowotcherera. Chowotchereracho chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi arc yayifupi kuti muchepetse kuphulika kwa zinc ndi kuwonongeka kwa moto.
Nthawi yotumizira: Mar-10-2025