Gusudira umuringa
Uburyo bwo gusudira umuringa (ubusanzwe bwitwa umuringa ukozwe mu nganda) burimo gusudira gaze, gusudira icyuma gikozwe mu manual carbone arc, gusudira icyuma gikozwe mu manual na argon arc welding, kandi inyubako nini zishobora no gusudira mu buryo bwikora.
1. Uburyo bwo gusudira gaze y'umuringa bukoreshwa cyane ni uguhuza igice cy'imbere, kandi igice gihuriraho n'igice cya T bigomba gukoreshwa bike bishoboka. Ubwoko bubiri bw'insinga zo gusudira bushobora gukoreshwa mu gusudira gaze. Imwe ni insinga yo gusudira irimo ibintu bikuraho ogisijeni, nka insinga 201 na 202; indi ni insinga rusange y'umuringa n'agace ko gukata ibikoresho by'ibanze, naho igikoresho cya gaze 301 gikoreshwa nk'ingufu. Umuriro utagira aho ubogamiye ugomba gukoreshwa mu gusudira gaze umuringa.
2.Insinga y'umuringa w'umuringa 107 ikoreshwa mu gusudira intoki, kandi igice cyo hagati cy'icyuma gisudira ni umuringa (T2, T3). Impande z'icyuma gisudira zigomba gusukurwa mbere yo gusudira. Iyo ubugari bw'icyuma gisudira burenga mm 4, gushyushya bigomba gushyuha mbere yo gusudira, kandi ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya muri rusange buri hagati ya 400 ~ 500℃. Iyo usudira ukoresheje inkoni yo gusudira y'umuringa 107, amashanyarazi agomba gusubizwa inyuma na DC.
3. Udukingirizo tugufi tugomba gukoreshwa mu gihe cyo gusudira, kandi inkoni yo gusudira ntigomba kuzunguruka itambitse. Udukingirizo dukora umurongo ugororotse uhuza, bishobora kunoza ikorwa ry'umusego. Umusego muremure ugomba gusudira buhoro buhoro. Umuvuduko wo gusudira ugomba kuba wihuta uko bishoboka kose. Mu gihe cyo gusudira hakoreshejwe ibyiciro byinshi, igishishwa kiri hagati y'ibyiciro bigomba gukurwaho burundu. Gusudira bigomba gukorerwa ahantu hari umwuka mwiza kugira ngo hirindwe uburozi bw'umuringa. Nyuma yo gusudira, koresha inyundo ifite umutwe ugororotse kugira ngo ukomeke ku musego kugira ngo ukureho stress no kunoza ubwiza bw'umusego.
4. Gusudira umuringa hakoreshejwe intoki. Mu gusudira umuringa hakoreshejwe intoki, insinga zikoreshwa ni insinga 201 (insinga yihariye yo gusudira umuringa) n'insinga 202, kandi zikoresha insinga z'umuringa, nka T2.
Mbere yo gusudira, agapira ka okiside, amavuta n'indi myanda iri ku nkengero z'icyuma gisudira n'ubuso bw'insinga bigomba gusukurwa kugira ngo hirindwe inenge nk'imyenge n'ibintu bidafite aho bibohera. Uburyo bwo gusukura burimo gusukura imashini no gusukura imiti. Iyo ubugari bw'icyuma gisudira kiri munsi ya mm 3, umugozi ntufungurwa; iyo ubugari bw'icyuma ari hagati ya mm 3 na 10, umugozi ufite ishusho ya V urafungurwa, kandi inguni y'icyuma ni hagati ya mm 60 na 70; iyo ubugari bw'icyuma burenga mm 10, umugozi ufite ishusho ya X urafungurwa. Inguni y'icyuma ni hagati ya 60 na 70; kugira ngo hirindwe ko nta mashini zisudira, impande zidafite ishusho muri rusange zirasigara. Dukurikije ubugari bw'icyuma n'ingano y'icyuma, icyuho cyo guteranya igice cy'icyuma gitoranywa kiri hagati ya mm 0.5 na 1.5.
Ubusanzwe gukoresha icyuma gishyushya arc y'umuringa gikoresha DC positive connection, ni ukuvuga electrode ya tungsten ihujwe na electrode negative. Kugira ngo hakurweho imyobo y'umwuka no kwemeza ko imizi y'icyuma ihuzwa neza kandi ikinjira neza, ni ngombwa kongera umuvuduko wo gusudira, kugabanya ikoreshwa rya argon, no gushyushya mbere y'igihe. Iyo ubugari bw'icyuma buri munsi ya mm 3, ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya mbere ni 150 ~ 300 ℃; iyo ubugari bw'icyuma burenga mm 3, ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya mbere ni 350 ~ 500 ℃. Ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya mbere ntibugomba kuba buri hejuru cyane, bitabaye ibyo imiterere y'imirongo ihujwe izagabanuka.
Hariho kandi gusudira arc ya karuboni, kandi electrode zikoreshwa mu gusudira arc ya karuboni zirimo electrode za karuboni na electrode za grafiti. Insinga zo gusudira zikoreshwa mu gusudira arc ya karuboni ni zimwe n'izo mu gusudira gaze. Ibikoresho by'ibanze bishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gukata imirongo, kandi flux z'umuringa nka gaze agent 301 zishobora gukoreshwa.
Gusudira umuringa
1. Uburyo bwo gusudira umuringa burimo: gusudira gazi, gusudira icyuma gishyushya karubone, gusudira icyuma gishyushya n'icyuma gishyushya argon. 1. Gusudira gazi mu muringa Kubera ko ubushyuhe bw'umuriro wo gusudira gazi ari buke, amazi ya zinc mu muringa mu gihe cyo gusudira aba make ugereranyije n'igihe cyo gusudira hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi, bityo gusudira gazi ni bwo buryo bukoreshwa cyane mu gusudira umuringa (murakoze kwitondera Dingding Automatic Welding).
Insinga zo gusudira zikoreshwa mu gusudira gaze y'umuringa zirimo: insinga 221, insinga 222 n'insinga 224. Izi nsinga zo gusudira zirimo ibintu nka silikoni, tini, icyuma, nibindi, bishobora gukumira no kugabanya imyuka n'itwikwa rya zinki mu kidendezi cyashongeshejwe, kandi bifasha mu kwemeza ko zifunze neza. Imikorere myiza no gukumira imyobo y'umwuka. Insinga zikoreshwa cyane mu gusudira gaze zirimo ifu ikomeye n'ivumbi rya gaze. Ivumbi rya gaze rigizwe n'ibinure bya aside boric methyl na methanol; ivumbi ni nk'ingufu 301.
2. Gusudira umuringa hakoreshejwe intoki Uretse umuringa 227 n'umuringa 237, inkoni zo gusudira zikozwe mu rugo zishobora no gukoreshwa mu gusudira umuringa.
Mu gusudira umugozi w'umuringa, hagomba gukoreshwa uburyo bwo guhuza amashanyarazi bwa DC kandi inkoni yo gusudira igomba guhuzwa na electrode ya negative. Ubuso bw'umugozi bugomba gusukurwa neza mbere yo gusudira. Inguni ya bevel muri rusange ntigomba kuba munsi ya dogere 60 ~ 70. Kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo gusudira, ibice byasutswe bigomba gushyuha kuri dogere 150 ~ 250. Gusudira umugozi mugufi bigomba gukoreshwa mu gihe cyo gukora, nta guhindagurika cyangwa imbere cyangwa inyuma, gusa kugenda ku murongo, kandi umuvuduko wo gusudira ugomba kuba uri hejuru. Ibice byasutswe umugozi bihura n'ibintu byangiza nk'amazi yo mu nyanja na amoniya bigomba gufungwa nyuma yo gusudira kugira ngo bikureho imbaraga zo gusudira.
3. Gusudira imigozi ya argon n'intoki. Gusudira imigozi ya argon n'intoki bishobora gukoresha insinga zisanzwe z'umuringa: insinga 221, insinga 222 n'insinga 224, kandi ibikoresho bifite ibice bimwe n'ibikoresho by'ibanze nabyo bishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byuzuza.
Gusudira bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi agororotse cyangwa AC. Mu gihe ukoresha AC welding, gushyushya zinc biba byoroshye kurusha iyo amashanyarazi agororotse ahujwe. Ubusanzwe, gushyushya mbere yo gusudira si ngombwa, kandi gushyushya mbere yo gusudira biba ari uko ubunini bw'isahani ari bunini. Umuvuduko wo gusudira ugomba kuba wihuta uko bishoboka kose. Nyuma yo gusudira, ibice bisunzwe bigomba gushyushywa kuri dogere 300 ~ 400°C kugira ngo bivaneho imbaraga zo gusudira kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibice bisunzwe bicika mu gihe cyo kubikoresha.
4. Gusudira umugozi wa karuboni w'umuringa Iyo usudira umugozi wa karuboni w'umuringa, umugozi wa 221, umugozi wa 222, umugozi wa 224 n'izindi nsinga zo gusudira zitoranywa hakurikijwe imiterere y'ibikoresho by'ibanze. Ushobora kandi gukoresha insinga zo gusudira umugozi zakorewe mu rugo kugira ngo usudishe. Umushongi wa gaze 301 cyangwa indi nk'iyo ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ingufu mu gusudira. Gusudira bigomba gukoreshwa umugozi mugufi kugira ngo bigabanye imyuka ya zinc no kwangirika k'ubushyuhe.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-10-2025