Ukuwelda ngekopolo
Iindlela zokuwelda ubhedu (olubizwa ngokuba yi-industrial pure copper) ziquka ukuwelda ngegesi, ukuwelda nge-carbon arc welding ngesandla, ukuwelda nge-arc ngesandla kunye nokuwelda nge-argon arc ngesandla, kwaye izakhiwo ezinkulu nazo zingawelda ngokuzenzekelayo.
1. Eyona welding yegesi yobhedu esetyenziswa kakhulu yi-butt joint, kwaye i-interlap joint kunye ne-T joint kufuneka zisetyenziswe ezimbalwa kangangoko. Iindidi ezimbini zeentambo zokubopha zinokusetyenziswa kwi-gas welding. Enye yintambo yokubopha equlethe izinto ezikhupha ioksijini, ezifana neentambo 201 kunye no-202; enye yintambo yobhedu eqhelekileyo kunye nomcu wokusika wezinto ezisisiseko, kwaye i-gas agent 301 isetyenziswa njenge-flux. Ilangatye elingathathi cala kufuneka lisetyenziswe xa kudityaniswa igesi yobhedu.
2. Intambo yobhedu yobhedu 107 isetyenziselwa ukuwelda ngesandla, kwaye umongo wokuwelda yintsimbi yobhedu (T2, T3). Imiphetho yokuwelda kufuneka icocwe ngaphambi kokuwelda. Xa ubukhulu bokuwelda bungaphezulu kwe-4 mm, ukufudumeza kwangaphambili kufuneka kufudunyezwe ngaphambi kokuwelda, kwaye ubushushu bokufudumeza kwangaphambili buhlala bumalunga ne-400 ~ 500℃. Xa kuwelda ngentsimbi yokuwelda yentsimbi yobhedu 107, umbane kufuneka uguqulwe yi-DC.
3. Kufuneka kusetyenziswe ii-arcs ezimfutshane ngexesha lokuwelda, kwaye intonga yokuwelda akufuneki ijike ngokuthe tye. Intonga yokuwelda yenza intshukumo ethe tye ejikelezayo, enokuphucula ukwakheka kwe-weld. I-weld ende kufuneka ijike kancinci kancinci. Isantya sokuwelda kufuneka sikhawuleze kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngexesha lokuwelda elinamaleya amaninzi, i-slag phakathi kwamaleya kufuneka isuswe ngokupheleleyo. Ukuwelda kufuneka kwenziwe kwindawo enomoya ofanelekileyo ukuthintela ityhefu yobhedu. Emva kokuwelda, sebenzisa isando esinentloko ethe tyaba ukucofa i-weld ukuze ususe uxinzelelo kwaye uphucule umgangatho we-weld.
4. Ukuwelda i-argon arc yekopolo ngesandla. Xa kuwelda i-argon arc yekopolo ngesandla, iingcingo ezisetyenziswayo yi-wire 201 (i-copper welding wire ekhethekileyo) kunye ne-wire 202, kwaye kusetyenziswa ne-copper wire, efana ne-T2.
Ngaphambi kokuwelda, ifilimu ye-oxide, ioyile kunye nolunye uthuli olukwimiphetho yokuwelda yesixhobo somsebenzi kunye nomphezulu wocingo kufuneka zicocwe ukuze kuthintelwe iziphene ezifana neembobo kunye nokufakwa kwe-slag. Iindlela zokucoca ziquka ukucoca ngoomatshini kunye nokucoca ngamakhemikhali. Xa ubukhulu bepleyiti ye-butt joint bungaphantsi kwe-3 mm, i-bevel ayivulwa; xa ubukhulu bepleyiti buyi-3 ukuya kwi-10 mm, i-bevel enomfanekiso we-V iyavulwa, kwaye i-angle ye-bevel ingama-60 ukuya kuma-70; xa ubukhulu bepleyiti bungaphezulu kwe-10 mm, i-bevel enomfanekiso we-X iyavulwa, i-angle ye-bevel ingama-60 ukuya kuma-70; ukuze kuthintelwe ukungawelda, imiphetho eqaqambileyo ishiywa ngokubanzi. Ngokwemiphetho yepleyiti kunye nobukhulu be-bevel, umsantsa wokudibana kwe-butt ukhethwa ngaphakathi koluhlu lwe-0.5 ukuya kwi-1.5 mm.
Ukuwelda kwe-argon ye-copper ngesandla kudla ngokusebenzisa uqhagamshelo lwe-DC positive, oko kukuthi, i-electrode ye-tungsten iqhagamshelwe kwi-electrode engalunganga. Ukuze kususwe imingxunya yomoya kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukudibana okuthembekileyo kunye nokungena kweengcambu ze-weld, kuyimfuneko ukwandisa isantya sokuwelda, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-argon, kunye nokufudumeza kwangaphambili ukuwelda. Xa ubukhulu beplate bungaphantsi kwe-3 mm, ubushushu bokufudumeza kwangaphambili yi-150 ~ 300 ℃; xa ubukhulu beplate bungaphezulu kwe-3 mm, ubushushu bokufudumeza kwangaphambili yi-350 ~ 500 ℃. Ubushushu bokufudumeza kwangaphambili akufuneki bube phezulu kakhulu, kungenjalo iimpawu zoomatshini zamalungu e-welded ziya kuncipha.
Kukwakho nokuwelda i-copper carbon arc, kwaye ii-electrode ezisetyenziselwa ukuwelda i-carbon arc ziquka ii-electrode ze-carbon essence kunye nee-electrode ze-graphite. Intambo yokuwelda esetyenziselwa ukuwelda i-copper carbon arc iyafana naleyo isetyenziswa xa kuwelda igesi. Izinto ezisisiseko zingasetyenziselwa ukusika imicu, kwaye ii-fluxes ze-copper ezifana ne-gas agent 301 zingasetyenziswa.
Ukuwelda ngentsimbi
1. Iindlela zokuwelda ngobhedu ziquka: ukuwelda ngegesi, ukuwelda nge-carbon arc, ukuwelda ngesandla kunye nokuwelda nge-argon arc. 1. Ukuwelda ngegesi yobhedu Ngenxa yokuba ubushushu belangatye lokuwelda ngegesi buphantsi, ukufuma kwe-zinc kwithusi ngexesha lokuwelda kuncinci kunaxa kusetyenziswa ukuwelda ngombane, ngoko ke ukuwelda ngegesi yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuwelda ngentsimbi yobhedu (enkosi ngokunika ingqalelo kwi-Dingding Automatic Welding).
Iintambo zokuwelda ezisetyenziselwa ukuwelda ngegesi yobhedu ziquka: ucingo 221, ucingo 222 kunye nocingo 224. Ezi ntambo zokuwelda ziqulathe izinto ezifana nesilicon, itin, isinyithi, njl.njl., ezinokuthintela nokunciphisa ukufuma kunye nokutsha kwe-zinc kwidama elinyibilikisiweyo, kwaye ziluncedo ekuqinisekiseni ukuwelda. Ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthintela imingxunya yomoya. Iifluxes ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ekuwelda ngegesi yobhedu ziquka umgubo oqinileyo kunye nokuphuma kwegesi. Ukuphuma kwegesi kuqulathe amafutha e-boric acid methyl kunye ne-methanol; iifluxes zifana ne-gas agent 301.
2. Ukuwelda nge-arc ngesandla yobhedu Ukongeza kwi-copper 227 kunye ne-copper 237, iintonga zokuwelda ezenziwe ekhaya zingasetyenziselwa ukuwelda i-copper.
Xa kudityaniswa i-arc yebrass, kufuneka kusetyenziswe indlela yokudibanisa umbane we-DC kwaye intonga yokutywina kufuneka iqhagamshelwe kwi-electrode engalunganga. Umphezulu we-weldment kufuneka ucocwe ngononophelo ngaphambi kokuba kudityaniswe. I-engile ye-bevel ngokubanzi akufuneki ibe ngaphantsi kwe-60 ~ 70o. Ukuze kuphuculwe ukwakheka kwe-weld, iindawo ezidityanisiweyo kufuneka zifudunyezwe kwi-150 ~ 250℃. Kufuneka kusetyenziswe i-arc welding emfutshane ngexesha lokusebenza, ngaphandle kokujika okuthe tye okanye phambili nangasemva, kuhambe ngomgca kuphela, kwaye isantya sokudityanisa kufuneka sibe phezulu. Iindawo ezidityanisiweyo zebrass ezidibana nemidiya ekonakalisayo efana namanzi olwandle kunye ne-ammonia kufuneka zifakwe emva kokudityanisa ukuze kupheliswe uxinzelelo lokudityanisa.
3. Ukuwelda i-argon arc yebrass ngesandla. Ukuwelda i-argon arc yebrass ngesandla kungasebenzisa iingcingo zobhedu eziqhelekileyo: ucingo 221, ucingo 222 kunye nocingo 224, kwaye izinto ezineenxalenye ezifanayo nezinto ezisisiseko nazo zingasetyenziswa njengezinto zokuzalisa.
Ukuwelda kungenziwa nge-direct current okanye nge-AC. Xa usebenzisa i-AC welding, ukufuma kwe-zinc kukhaphukhaphu kunaxa kuqhagamshelwe i-direct current. Ngokwesiqhelo, ukufudumeza kwangaphambili akufuneki ngaphambi kokuwelda, kwaye ukufudumeza kwangaphambili kwenzeka kuphela xa ubukhulu bepleyiti bukhulu. Isantya sokuwelda kufuneka sikhawuleze kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Emva kokuwelda, iindawo eziweldayo kufuneka zifudunyezwe kwi-300 ~ 400℃ ukuze kufakwe i-annealing ukuze kupheliswe uxinzelelo lokuwelda ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kwiindawo eziweldayo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa.
4. Ukuwelda ngentsimbi ye-arc yekhabhoni yebrass Xa kukhethwe intsimbi ye-arc yekhabhoni yebrass, intambo 221, intambo 222, intambo 224 kunye nezinye iingcingo zokuwelda ngokwendlela ezibunjwe ngayo izinto ezisisiseko. Ungasebenzisa neengcingo zokuwelda zebrass ezenziwe ekhaya ukuwelda. Iarhente yegesi 301 okanye enye efana nayo ingasetyenziswa njenge-flux kwi-welding. Ukuwelda kufuneka kusebenze i-arc emfutshane ukunciphisa umphunga we-zinc kunye nomonakalo wokutsha.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-10-2025